• Review Article: Up to 5,000 words (including references) and a maximum of 4 authors. The number of tables/figures is not limited. • Original Article: Up to 4,000 words (excluding references). • The number of tables/figures is not limited. • Short Communication: Up to 2,000 words (excluding references) and up to four tables/figures in total. • Case Report: Up to 2,000 words (excluding references) and up to four tables/figures in total. • Letter to the Editor: Up to 500 words and 10 references with one table/figure in total; no abstract. • Editorial: Up to 1,500 words (including references) and a maximum of only 1 author; no abstract.
Presentation
Text: Manuscripts should be typed in a standard, easy to read font, either 11 or 12 points in size. Manuscripts should be double-spaced, with 2.5 cm (1 inch) margins on all sides and run in one single column. Please ensure that you have turned “track changes off” and removed any reviewing notes from your manuscripts else these will be visible throughout the review process.
Review articles should be divided into the following sections and appear in the following order: 1- Title page (with short running page heading, title, authors names and affiliations) 2- Abstract and keywords 3- Body of the article 4- Acknowledgments and disclosures 5- References 6- Tables 7- Figure legends 8- Figures
Original articles should be divided into the following sections and appear in the following order: 1- Title page (with short running page heading, title, authors names and affiliations) 2- Abstract and keywords 3- Introduction 4- Materials and methods 5- Results 6- Discussion 7- Acknowledgements and disclosures 8- List of abbreviations 9- References 10- Competing interests 11- Authors' contributions 12- Authors' information 13- Supplementary material 14- Endnotes 15- Tables 16- Figure legends 17- Figures
Title page: The title page should provide the title of the article. List the full names, institutional addresses, and email addresses for all authors. Indicate the corresponding author, please note (Abbreviations within the title should be avoided).
Abstract: A short, unstructured, single paragraph summary, no more than 350 words, of the major points raised, making evident the key work highlighted in the article.
Keywords: Three to ten keywords representing the main content of the article.
Introduction: Should briefly discuss the objectives of the study and provide the background information to explain why the study was undertaken, and what hypotheses were tested.
Materials and methods: Animal preparation and experimentation should cite the approving governing body. Equipment and apparatus should cite the make and model number and the company name and address (town, county, and country) at first mention. Give all measurements in metric units and use negative indexing (mg mL–1, not mg/mL). Use generic names of drugs. Symbols, units and abbreviations should be expressed as Système International (SI) units. In exceptional circumstances, others may be used, provided they are consistent. Apply to the editorial office for advice.
Results: Tables and text should not duplicate each other.
Discussion: The Discussion should include a brief statement of the principal findings, a discussion of the validity of the observations, a discussion of the findings in light of other published work dealing with the same or closely related subjects, and a statement of the possible significance of the work.
Conclusions: This should state clearly the main conclusions of the review and give a clear explanation of their importance and relevance.
Acknowledgments: Please acknowledge anyone who contributed towards the article by making substantial contributions to conception, design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, or who was involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content, but who does not meet the criteria for authorship. Please also include the source(s) of funding for each author, and for the manuscript preparation. Authors must describe the role of the funding body, if any, in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Please also acknowledge anyone who contributed materials essential for the study. If a language editor has made a significant revision of the manuscript, we recommend that you acknowledge the editor by name, where possible. The role of a scientific (medical) writer must be included in the acknowledgments section, including their source(s) of funding. We suggest wording such as 'We thank Jane Doe who provided medical writing services on behalf of XYZ Pharmaceuticals Ltd.'. Authors should obtain permission to acknowledge from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgements section.
List of abbreviations: If abbreviations are used in the text they should be defined in the text at first use, and a list of abbreviations can be provided, which should precede the competing interests and authors' contributions.
References: The Vancouver system of referencing should be used (examples are given below). In the text, references should be cited using superscript Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear. If cited in tables or figure legends, number according to the first identification of the table or figure in the text. We recommend the use of a tool such as an EndNote or Reference Manager for reference management and formatting. EndNote reference styles can be searched for here: http://www.endnote.com/support/enstyles.aspReference Manager reference styles can be searched for here: http://www.refman.com/support/rmstyles.asp. In the reference list, cite the names of all authors when there are six or fewer; when seven or more, list the first three followed by et al. Do not use ibid. or op cit. Reference to unpublished data and personal communications should not appear in the list but should be cited in the text only (e.g. Smith A, 2000, unpublished data). All citations mentioned in the text, tables or figures must be listed in the reference list. Names of journals should be abbreviated according to the Serial Sources for the Biosis Data Base, available in most libraries or from http://www.biosis.org. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references.
1) Journal article: Tanaka T, Lau JYN, Mizokami M, et al. Simple fluorescent EIA for detection and quantification of hepatitis C viremia. J Hepatol 1995; 23: 78–9. 2) Journal articles published ahead of the issue (print or online): Benz PJ, Soll J, Bölter B. Protein transport in organelles: The composition, function and regulation of the Tic complex in chloroplast protein import. FEBS Journal, 2009. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06874.x 3) World Wide Web: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Preparing for Emergencies: A Guide for People on Dialysis. Available at: http://www.medicare.gov/Publications/Pubs/pdf/10150.pdf.Accessed January 13, 2004. 4) Book: Lehninger AD. Principles of Biochemistry. New York: Worth Publishers, 2000. 5) Chapter in a Book: Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management, 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1995; 465–78.
Competing interests: A competing interest exists when your interpretation of data or presentation of information may be influenced by your personal or financial relationship with other people or organizations. Authors must disclose any financial competing interests; they should also reveal any non-financial competing interests that may cause them embarrassment were they to become public after the publication of the manuscript. Authors are required to complete a declaration of competing interests. All competing interests that are declared will be listed at the end of published articles. Where an author gives no competing interests, the listing will read 'The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests'. When completing your declaration, please consider the following questions:
Financial competing interests: • In the past five years have you received reimbursements, fees, funding, or salary from an organization that may in any way gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript, either now or in the future? Is such an organization financing this manuscript (including the article-processing charge)? If so, please specify. • Do you hold any stocks or shares in an organization that may in any way gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript, either now or in the future? If so, please specify. • Do you hold or are you currently applying for any patents relating to the content of the manuscript? Have you received reimbursements, fees, funding, or salary from an organization that holds or has applied for patents relating to the content of the manuscript? If so, please specify. • Do you have any other financial competing interests? If so, please specify.
Non-financial competing interests: Are there any non-financial competing interests (political, personal, religious, ideological, academic, intellectual, commercial or any other) to declare in relation to this manuscript? If so, please specify. If you are unsure as to whether you, or one your co-authors, has a competing interest please discuss it with the editorial office.
Authors' contributions: In order to give appropriate credit to each author of a paper, the individual contributions of authors to the manuscript should be specified in this section. An 'author' is generally considered to be someone who has made substantive intellectual contributions to a published study. To qualify as an author one should 1) have made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) have been involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) have given final approval of the version to be published. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. Acquisition of funding, a collection of data, or general supervision of the research group, alone, does not justify authorship. All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an acknowledgments section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support.
Authors' information: You may choose to use this section to include any relevant information about the author(s) that may aid the reader's interpretation of the article, and understand the standpoint of the author(s). This may include details about the authors' qualifications, current positions they hold at institutions or societies, or any other relevant background information. Note this section should not be used to describe any competing interests.
Supplementary material: Quantitative or qualitative data too expensive for inclusion in the print edition of the Journal may be presented in the online edition, as supplementary material. It must be included as part of the original submission and will be reviewed as an integral part of the paper. The availability of supplementary material should be indicated in the main manuscript, to appear after the references at the end of the paper, providing titles of figures, tables, etc. formatted as if the material was to appear in the print edition. We welcome audio and video material, if relevant to your paper.
Endnotes: Endnotes should be designated within the text using a superscript lowercase letter and all notes (along with their corresponding letter) should be included in the Endnotes section. Please format this section in a
Tables: Tables should be numbered consecutively within the text. Tables and text should not duplicate each other. If possible, hold tables to one standard manuscript page; if the table continues past one page, repeat all column headings and the stub (left-hand column). Explain all abbreviations in a footnote. Provide a number and title for each table. Regardless of authorship or publisher, permission must be received in writing for its use if a table has been previously published. Include an acknowledgment of the original source in a footnote. Tables should not be submitted as photographs or graphics files.
Figure and table legends: Cite all tables and figures in the text, numbering them sequentially as they are cited. Each figure must have a corresponding legend. The legend must be numbered with an Arabic number that corresponds to the illustration as it appears in the text. Each should begin with a short title for the figure. Legends to tables (where necessary) and figures should contain sufficient information to be understood without reference to the text. Explain all symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters used in the figure and provide information on scale and/or magnification. For photomicrographs, include information on the method of staining or preparation.
Figures: Labeling should be in 8pt Helvetica or Arial. Figure sections should be designated with upper case letters. Magnification (scale) bars should be given on electron and light micrographs. Details of the magnification bar should be noted in the figure legends. Authors may be asked to contribute to printing costs if the space requested for illustrations is considered too large or if color photographs are requested.
Article Processing Charge:
Editorial: Up to 1,500 words (including references) and maximum of only 1 author; no abstract.
Review Article: Up to 5,000 words (including references) and a maximum of 4 authors. The number of tables/figures is not limited.
Original Article: Up to 4,000 words (excluding references). The number of tables/figures is not limited.
Short Communication: Up to 2,000 words (excluding references) and up to four tables/figures in total.
Case Report: Up to 2,000 words (excluding references) and up to four tables/figures in total.