Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious vascular complication of liver disease reported to be present in 4-32% of cirrhotic adults and 9-20% of children. HPS diagnosis depends on the presence of a triad of liver disease with intrapulmonary vascular dilation that causes abnormal arterial oxygenation. Pulmonary microvascular dilation and angiogenesis are two central mechanisms in pathogenesis of HPS. No effective medical therapies are currently available and liver transplantation is the only established treatment option.
Ahmed, M. E., Amany, H., & Mona, A. (2018). Hepatopulmonary syndrome: A recent review of the literature. Medical Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 3.1(1), 5-12. doi: 10.21608/mjvh.2018.55750
MLA
M. EL-Eraky Ahmed; Hasson Amany; Arafa Mona. "Hepatopulmonary syndrome: A recent review of the literature", Medical Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 3.1, 1, 2018, 5-12. doi: 10.21608/mjvh.2018.55750
HARVARD
Ahmed, M. E., Amany, H., Mona, A. (2018). 'Hepatopulmonary syndrome: A recent review of the literature', Medical Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 3.1(1), pp. 5-12. doi: 10.21608/mjvh.2018.55750
VANCOUVER
Ahmed, M. E., Amany, H., Mona, A. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: A recent review of the literature. Medical Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 2018; 3.1(1): 5-12. doi: 10.21608/mjvh.2018.55750
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